Corrosion Module
Three commonly used CO2 corrosion models are available: de Waard 1993, de Waard 1995 and Norsok M-506. With the Corrosion Module it is possible to predict the variation in corrosion rate along a pipeline where temperature, pressure, flow velocity and flow regime varies. An important benefit is the possibility to identify the locations along the pipeline where it is most likely that corrosion problems may occur. The flow regime prediction from OLGA is used for prediction of oil or water wetting of the pipe wall. Pressure, temperature, liquid flow velocity and wall shear stress calculated by the flow model are used in the corrosion rate calculations.
The pH value is calculated for condensed water without corrosion products, for condensed water saturated with iron carbonate and for formation water with specified bicarbonate content. |
Typical cases:
CO2 corrosion effects
Models :
- De Waard 1993
- De Waard 1995
- Norsok M-506
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FEMtherm Module
The FEMtherm Module simulates the thermal interaction among the production flowlines, heating lines and other lines that are enclosed within a bundle. FEMtherm allows for an effective screening of a wide range of bundle geometries and burial configurations.
Uses include determining the spatial temperature distribution in pipeline bundle cross sections, investigating the effect of thermal insulation, investigating the heat exchange between pipelines in the same bundle (i.e. when considering pipeline heating during shut-in or prior to start-up) and investigating the temperature field in the soil around buried pipelines. |
Typical cases:
- Bundled pipelines
- Buried pipelines
- Complex risers
- Heating, cooling and heat exchange effects
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Multiphase Pump Module
The Multiphase Pump Module optimizes multiphase boosting, design and operational analysis. Models for centrifugal and displacement pumps are available. Multiphase boosting can extend field life, give possibilities for development and production of low pressure reservoirs, and may provide enhanced and faster production. The module gives the opportunity to do detailed simulations with centrifugal and displacement pumps. The pump characteristics are defined through pump data tables, which the user can specify. Typical sets of pump characteristics are included in the code if the characteristics of the required pump are unknown. The pump speed and recycle flow can be regulated by controllers. The user can choose the recycle flow to be gas only, liquid mixture, water only or a complete multiphase mixture. |
Typical cases:
Inclusion of multiphase pumps
- Centrifugal pump
- Displacement pump
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Wells Module
Simulates the transient multiphase flow in the well bore. The Wells Module includes user interface updates for wells modeling. Furthermore it is designed for well flow applications where the reservoir properties and the inflow relationships will play an important role when modelling the scenarios.
The reservoir performance is specified through permeability, extension of the reservoir, fluid properties etc. or from draw-down/build-up tests from the actual well.
Drilling simulation is an option that is available through the Wells Module. The drilling option can be used to simulate the thermal-hydraulics in a drilling operation. The drilling option allows for the possibility of injecting fluid (gas lift for example) through concentric annulus or a parasite pipe. A moving grid system is used to simulate the flow along the drilling string in the annulus during drilling.
The module includes a mud phase that may be used as a 4th phase in simulations. |
Typical cases:
- Start-up-shutdown of production
- Well testing
- Production from different zones
- Reservoir injection, e.g. WAG
- Flow in annulus, gas lift
- Multilateral well simulations
- Simulation of flow during drilling
- Manage pressure drilling profile
- Blowout simulations
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Wax Module
The module predicts the requirements for pigging for wax removal, thermal insulation, active heating and chemical injections. The Wax Module in OLGA® is capable of calculating deposition and transport of wax components along the pipeline. Wax deposition due to molecular diffusion occurs on the inside surface of a flowline when the pipe wall temperature falls below the wax appearance temperature (WAT).
Wax precipitation will occur in the oil bulk flow when the bulk temperature is below WAT. Dissolution of wax and shear related radial wax transport effects may also be activated by the user. The Wax Module allows the user to tune the fluid properties related to molecular diffusion, shear related wax transport and effective viscosity of an oil-wax mixture. OLGA® also simulates pigging operations for wax layer removal and transport. Functionality to generate wax tables from PVTsim is included in this module. |
Typical cases:
- Pigging for wax removal
- Thermal insulation due to wax layer build-up
- Active heating
- Chemical injections
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Single Component Module
The module allows for simulation of transient behaviour of single components and their transition between liquid and gas phase as well as their behaviour beyond critical point.
The module is especially set up for steam and CO2 but other single components can be entered for simulation. The steam functionality allows for combining with hydrocarbon flow as used in steam assisted production. |
Typical cases:
- CO2 transportation & injection
- Steam injection (SAGD)
- Transient analysis of single component flow
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Hydrate Kinetics Module
A tool for prediction of onset of solid hydrate and their formation rate. In many hydrocarbon production operations, gas hydrates cause major, and potentially hazardous flow assurance problems. A typical area of concern is multiphase transport lines from well-head to the production facility where low seabed temperatures and high operation pressures increase the risk of blockage due to gas hydrate formation. Different methods are currently in use for reducing hydrate problems in hydrocarbon well stream transport and process facilities. OLGA® predicts the risk of hydrate formation and gives an operating envelope for preventing formation of hydrates. |
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Inhibitor Tracking Module
The Inhibitor Tracking Module tracks the concentration of Hydrate inhibitor (MEG, MeOH or EtOH) concentration in the water and gas phase (for tracking of inhibitors in the oil-phase as well, the Compositional Tracking Module is necessary). The concentration and distribution along the pipeline allows the total inhibitor inventory to be determined. An in-built functionality in the module is an adjustment of the hydrate curve, taking into consideration, the local pressure, temperature and inhibitor concentration. This feature makes it easy to determine if sufficient inhibitor is injected to prevent hydrate formation.
Tracer tracking functionality allows tracking of multiple inert tracer components, such as KHI (Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor) and/or CI (Corrosion Inhibitor), along with the water or oil phase. The tracer tracking model determines the tracer distribution along the pipeline, residence time in the pipeline, and the time period the tracer has been subjected to sub-cooling (aging effect). The tracers are assumed to not affect the flow. |
Typical cases:
- MEG, MeOH or EtOH concentration in the water and gas phase
- Inhibitor inventory
- Inhibitor distribution along the pipeline and arrival time at plant
- Tracking of tracers/low concentration additives (KHI, corrosion inhibitors ….)
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Complex Fluid Module
A unique tool that can disclose severe effects on flow stability, liquid inventory and pressure drop due to Non-Newtonian liquids. Non-Newtonian effects like shear thinning and yield stress may have profound effects in multiphase flow affecting the flow stability of production systems. The effect may give instabilities in multiphase flow such as slugging. Even in horizontal flow, pressure drop may decline with increasing production under certain conditions. In a real pipeline with elevation differences this could combine with gravity based causes of instability (terrain slugging) to increase the range in which oscillations appear. As increased viscosity/consistency moves the flow towards laminar, the slip between gas and liquid increases, depending on the actual rheology. The effect is greater liquid accumulation and higher pressure drop in elevated pipes. |
Typical cases:
- Non-Newtonian liquids behaviour due to Emulsions, Hydrate Slurry and waxy oils
- Normal production in laminar flow
- Terrains slugging
- Shut-down Start-ups
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MATLAB Toolbox Module
A tool for interactive multiphase flow simulation, presentation, analysis and controller design. The OLGA® - MATLAB Toolbox makes results from OLGA multiphase flow simulations available in MATLAB. The MATLAB Toolbox functions enable the application engineer to interact with OLGA® in MATLAB scripts analyze the results and design controllers for multiphase flow applications. The Simulink Toolbox block library integrates OLGA® as a part of the Simulink simulation environment and enables interactive multiphase flow simulations. The Toolbox interfaces the multiphase fluid flow simulator through the OLGA® Server interface/TCP/IP protocol. This makes it possible to run one or more pipeline simulations on the same computer or on any number of other computers at the same time. |
Typical cases:
- Interactive simulations
- Post analyses of simulation results
- Plotting 2D-3D
- Controller design and evaluation
- Prototype development
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Tuning Module
To tune the OLGA flow models against data – online or offline the Tuning Module offers access to a number of model parameters to be adjusted by a multiplication factor. The tuning module could be applied whenever field data or other information justify modifications of important model parameters like interfacial friction factor or wall frictions. Fluid properties like liquid density, which are cumbersome to modify via a fluid properties package are also accessible directly through the tuning module. |
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